Going under the shade is Haram while one is in the state of ihram. But if the vehicle of the muhrim passes under bridges along the way or remains under a roof at the gas station, there would be no problem for the muhrim, and he does not have to pay kaffarah.

There is no problem in having injections while in the state of Ihram. But injections, which cause bleeding, should be avoided, unless there is dire necessity for them. In this case, no kaffarah would be required.

After the muhrim reaches Makkah, even those new districts that are away from the Masjid al-Haram, he could use roofed vehicles or shades to go to the Masjid al-Haram.

As a necessary precaution, perfumed soaps and shampoos should be avoided. There is no problem in using perfume-free soaps and shampoos.

Question 1: Due to heat rash, some muhrims need ointments. Could a muhrim use such ointments or not?

Answer: No, unless there is exigency for it. But use of ointment, even if not exigent, does require kaffarah, unless it is perfumed. In this case, based on ihtiyat istihbabi, he should offer a sheep as kaffarah.

Question 2: Does shading oneself refer to bringing the head under the shade only or does it also apply to the shoulders?

Answer: It does not apply to the shoulders.

Question 3: Does shading oneself only apply to going under the roof or does it also signify shades of cars?

Answer: It does not signify the latter, even though, based on ihtiyat mustahabb, it should be avoided.

Question 4: Could one use an umbrella in Arafat as with Mina? Or does Arafat involves a

hukm different from that of Mina?

Answer: There is no problem in using an umbrella in Arafat.

Question 5: Along the way from Makkah to Arafat and Mina, could the muhrim pass through tunnels, knowing that there is no other route that has no tunnels?

Answer: There is no problem in it.