Geography and Location

Location: Northeast Africa

Borders: Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, and the Red Sea

Area: About 1.88 million square kilometers (one of the largest countries in Africa)

Climate:

Mostly desert and semi-desert in the north

Savanna and more fertile areas in the south

Major River: The Nile River (White Nile and Blue Nile), which is central to life and agriculture

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? Population and Culture

Population: Around 45 million

Ethnic diversity: Very high (Arab, Nubian, Beja, Fur, Zaghawa, and many other groups)

Official language: Arabic

Lifestyle:

Family-oriented

Strong tradition of hospitality

Music and poetry play an important cultural role

Traditional clothing: Jalabiya (men), Thobe/Toob (women)

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☪️ Religion

About 90% Muslim (mostly Sunni)

Christian minorities and indigenous beliefs, mainly in southern and border regions

Religion plays a major role in law, culture, and daily life

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⚠️ Current Situation (Political and Economic)

Since April 2023, Sudan has been experiencing a severe internal conflict between the army and the Rapid Support Forces

Consequences include:

A large-scale humanitarian crisis

Millions of displaced people

Shortages of food, medicine, and healthcare services

Economy:

Weak and unstable

Based mainly on agriculture (cotton, sesame, livestock) and partly on gold

Living conditions: Very difficult, with widespread poverty and high inflation

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? Summary

Sudan is a country with an ancient history, rich cultural diversity, and significant natural resources, but decades of political instability and armed conflict have prevented development. The country is currently facing one of the most difficult periods in its history.