Ethics Is Impossible Without Self-Knowledge

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Ethics Is Impossible Without Self-Knowledge

Al-Ghazālī insists:

 

> Whoever does not know his own soul, practices a borrowed morality.

 

 

 

A person must understand:

 

when desire takes control,

 

where anger comes from,

 

how love of the world quietly shapes decisions.

 

 

Without this self-knowledge, morality becomes acting a role, not real character.

 

? Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn, Book: Training the Soul (Riyāḍat al-Nafs)

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